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MIC37150/51/52/53
1.5A, Low Voltage Cap LDO Regulator
General Description
The Micrel MIC37150/51/52/53 is a 1.5A low-dropout linear voltage regulator that provides a low voltage, high current output with a minimum of external components. It offers high precision, ultra-low dropout (500mV over temperature), and low ground current. The MIC37150/51/52/53 operates from an input of 2.25V to 6.0V. It is designed to drive digital circuits requiring low voltage at high currents (i.e., PLDs, DSPs, microcontrollers, etc.). It is available in fixed and adjustable output voltages. Fixed voltages include 1.5V, 1.65V, 1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V. The adjustable version is capable of supplying output voltages from 1.24V to 5.5V. Features of the MIC37150/51/52/53 LDO include thermal and current limit protection, and reverse current and reverse battery protection. Logic enable and error flag pins are available. Junction temperature range of the MIC37150/51/52/53 is from -40C to +125C. For applications requiring input voltage greater than 6.0V, see MIC3910x, MIC3915x, MIC3930x, and MIC3950x LDOs. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at www.micrel.com.
Features
* 1.5A minimum guaranteed output current * 500mV maximum dropout voltage over temperature - Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion - Ideal for 2.5V to 1.8V, 1.65V, or 1.5V conversion * Stable with ceramic or tantalum capacitor * Wide input voltage range - VIN: 2.25V to 6.0V * 1.0% initial output tolerance * Fixed and adjustable output voltages - MIC37150--3-pin fixed voltages - MIC37151--5-pin S-Pak or 8-pin e-Pad SOIC fixed voltages with flag - MIC37152--5-pin adjustable voltage - MIC37153--8-pin adjustable voltage with flag * Excellent line and load regulation specifications * Logic controlled shutdown * Thermal shutdown and current limit protection * Reverse-leakage protection * Low profile 3 or 5-pin S-Pak packages or 8-pin e-Pad SOIC
Applications
* * * * * LDO linear regulator for low-voltage digital IC PC add-in cards High efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Battery charger
Typical Application
VIN = 3.0V CIN VEN GND FLG MIC37151 VIN VOUT 100k VOUT = 2.5V COUT 47F, Ceramic VIN CIN MIC37152 VIN VOUT R1 VEN GND ADJ R2 1.3V
COUT 47F, Ceramic
Fixed 2.5V Regulator with Error Flag
Super eta PNP is a trademark of Micrel, Inc.
Adjustable Regulator
Micrel Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel +1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com
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Ordering Information
Part Number Standard MIC37150-1.5BR MIC37150-1.65BR MIC37150-1.8BR MIC37150-2.5BR MIC37150-3.3BR MIC37151-1.5BR MIC37151-1.65BR MIC37151-1.8BR MIC37151-2.5BR MIC37151-3.3BR MIC37152BR RoHS Compliant* / Pb-free MIC37150-1.5WR* MIC37150-1.65WR* MIC37150-1.8WR* MIC37150-2.5WR* MIC37150-3.3WR* MIC37151-1.5WR* MIC37151-1.5YME* MIC37151-1.65WR* MIC37151-1.8YME* MIC37151-1.8WR* MIC37151-2.5YME** MIC37151-2.5WR* MIC37151-3.3WR* MIC37152WR* MIC37152YM MIC37153YME**
** Contact factory for availablity.
Output Current 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A 1.5A
Voltage 1.5V 1.65V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 1.5V 1.5V 1.65V 1.8V 1.8V 2.5V 2.5V 3.3V ADJ ADJ ADJ
Junction Temp. Range -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C -40 to +125C
Package S-PAK-3 S-PAK-3 S-PAK-3 S-PAK-3 S-PAK-3 S-PAK-5 e-Pad SOIC-8 S-PAK-5 e- Pad SOIC-8 S-PAK-5 e-Pad SOIC-8 S-PAK-5 S-PAK-5 S-PAK-5 SOIC-8 e-Pad SOIC-8
* RoHS compliant with `high-melting solder' exemption.
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Pin Configuration
3
TAB
VOUT GND VIN
TAB
2 1
5 4 3 2 1
FLG/ADJ VOUT GND VIN EN
S-PAK-3 (R)
S-PAK-5 (R)
EN 1 VIN 2 VOUT 3 ADJ 4
8 7 6 5
GND GND GND GND
GND 1 EN 2 VIN 3 NC 4
8 FLG 7 VOUT/ADJ 6 VOUT 5 NC
SOIC-8 (M)
e-Pad SOIC-8 (ME)
Pin Description
Pin Number S-PAK-3
- 1 2 3 -
Pin Number S-PAK-5
1 2 3 4 5
Pin Number SOIC-8
1 2 5, 6, 7, 8 3 - 4
Pin Number e-Pad SOIC-8
2 3 1 6, 7 (Fixed) 6 (Adj) 8 7 4, 5
Pin Name
EN VIN GND VOUT FLG ADJ NC
Pin Name
Enable (Input): CMOS compatible input. Logic high = enable, logic low = shutdown. Input voltage which supplies current to the output power device. Ground (TAB is connected to ground on S-Pak) Regulator Output Error Flag (Output): Open collector output. Active low indicates an output fault condition. Adjustable regulator feedback input. Connect to resistor voltage divider. Not internally connected.
-
-
-
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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
Supply Voltage (VIN) ......................................................6.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)............................................6.5V Power Dissipation .....................................Internally Limited Junction Temperature .........................-40C TJ +125C Storage Temperature (Ts) ...................-65C TJ +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5sec.)......................... 260C EDS Rating................................................................ Note 3
Operating Ratings(2)
Supply voltage (VIN) ....................................... 2.25V to 6.0V Enable Input Voltage (VEN).................................. 0V to 6.0V Junction Temperature Range .............-40C TJ +125C Maximum Power Dissipation..................................... Note 4 Package Thermal Resistance S-Pak (JC) ..........................................................2C/W Power SOIC-8 (JA) ...........................................63C/W e-Pad SOIC-8 (JC)............................................10C/W
Electrical Characteristics(5)
TA = 25C with VIN = VOUT + 1V; VEN = VIN; bold values indicate -40C < TJ < +125C, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter
Output Voltage Accuracy Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation VIN - VOUT; Dropout Voltage, Note 6 Ground Pin Current, Note 7 Ground Pin Current in Shutdown Current Limit Start-up Time
Condition
IL = 10mA 10mA < IOUT < IL(max), VOUT + 1 VIN 6V VIN = VOUT +1.0V to 6.0V IL = 10mA to 1.5A IL = 750mA IL = 1.5A IL = 1.5A VIL 0.5V, VIN = VOUT + 1V VOUT = 0 VEN = VIN, IOUT = 10mA, COUT = 22F Regulator enable Regulator shutdown VIL 0.8V (regulator shutdown) VIH 2.25V (regulator enabled)
Min
-1
Typ
Max
+1
Units
% % % % mV mV mA A A s V
-2
0.06 0.2
+2
0.5 1
350 500
17 1.0 2.25 170
30 4.0 500
Enable Input
Enable Input Threshold Enable Pin Input Current
2.25 0.8
2 4 1 15 30 75 1 2 210 93 2 99.2 1.228 1.240 1.252 300 400
V A A A A A A mV mV % % % V V ppm/C
Flag Output
IFLG(LEAK) VFLG(LO) VFLG VOH = 6V VIN = 2.25V, IOL = 250A, Note 8 Low threshold, % of VOUT below nominal Hysteresis High threshold, % of VOUT below nominal Reference Voltage
Note 9
Reference Voltage Temp. Coefficient Adjust Pin Bias Current Adjust Pin Bias Current Temp. Coefficient
1.215 20
40 0.1
1.265
Note 10
80 120
nA nA nA/C
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Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. PD(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) - TA) / JA, where JA, depends upon the printed circuit layout. See "Applications Information." Specification for packaged product only. VDO = VIN - VOUT when VOUT decreased to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT +1V. For output voltages below 1.75V, dropout voltage specification does not apply due to a minimum input operating voltage of 2.25V. IIN is the quiescent current. IIN = IIN + IOUT. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.250V (device is in dropout). VREF VOUT (VIN -1.0V), 2.25V VIN 6.0V, 10mA IL 1.5A, TJ = TMAX.
10. Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage at a time t after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load or line regulation effects. Specifications are for a 200mA load pulse at VIN = 6V for t = 10ms.
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Typical Characteristics
80 60 PSRR (dB) 40 20 IOUT = 1.5A COUT = 10F CIN = 0 0 1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1 10 100 1k 0.01 0.1 FREQUENCY (Hz)
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V
500 450 400 2.5VOUT 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE C) (
Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
45 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage
GROUND CURRENT (mA) VOUT = 2.5V
1500mA 1000mA 750mA 1 2 3 4 5 6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
0.5 VOUT = 2.5V 0.445 ILOAD = 10mA 0.44 0.435 0.43 0.4 0.42 0.415 0.41 0.405 0.4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE C) (
Ground Current vs. Temperature
7 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 6 5.0 4 3 2 1
Ground Current vs. Temperature
VOUT = 2.5V ILOAD = 750mA
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE C) (
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6 FLAG VOLTAGE (V) 5 4 3 2 1
Error Flag Pull-Up Resistor
VIN = 5V FLAG HIGH (OK) FLAG VOLTAGE (mV)
250 200 150 100
Flag-Low Voltage vs. Temperature
FLAG LOW (FAULT) 1 10 100 100010000 RESISTANCE (k )
0 0.01 0.1
50 V = 2.25V IN RPULL-UP = 22k 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE C) (
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Functional Characteristics
Line Transient Response
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (20mV/div.) VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 10F
INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div.)
5V 3.3V
TIME (250 s/div.)
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MIC37150/51/52/53 eta PNPTM regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0F is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to "Application Note 9" for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink applications. Output Capacitor The MIC37150/51/52/53 requires an output capacitor for stable operation. As a Cap LDO, the MIC37150/51/52/53 can operate with ceramic output capacitors as long as the amount of capacitance is 47F or greater. For values of output capacitance lower than 47F, the recommended ESR range is 200m to 2. The minimum value of output capacitance recommended for the MIC37151 is 10F. For 47F or greater, the ESR range recommended is less than 1. Ultra-low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended for output capacitance of 47F or greater to help improve transient response and noise reduction at high frequency. X7R/X5R dielectric-type ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60% respectively over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic capacitor to ensure the same minimum capacitance over the equivalent operating temperature range. The MIC37150/51/52/53 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 47F output capacitor, is all that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1.0F or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk and supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surface-mount chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be place within 1" of the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V Conversions The MIC37150/51/52/53 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to 9
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Application Information
The MIC37150/51/52/53 is a high-performance lowdropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to highcurrent regulator applications. Its 500mV dropout voltage at full load and over-temperature makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as highefficiency noise filters in post-regulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, there the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the based-toemitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage. A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. Micrel's Super eta PNPTM process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. The MIC37150/51/52/53 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. Transient protection allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: * * * * Maximum ambient temperature (TA) Output current (IOUT) Output voltage (VOUT) Input voltage (VIN)
* Ground current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = (VIN - VOUT) IOUT + VIN IGND Where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the "Electrical Characteristics" or "Typical Characteristics." Then, the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: SA = ((TJ(MAX) - TA)/ PD) - (JC + CS) Where TJ(MAX) 125C and CS is between 0C and 2C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low dropout properties of Micrel Super October 2007
Micrel, Inc. load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 10F output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. By virtue of its low dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPN-based designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V, the NPN-based regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least. The MIC37150/51/52/53 regulator will provide excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.25V, respectively. This gives the PNP-based regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. Minimum Load Current The MIC37150/51/52/53 regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper operation. Error Flag The MIC37151 and MIC37153 feature an error flag circuit that monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output voltage. The error flag is an open-collector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition. Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown.
MIC37150/51/52/53 Enable Input The MIC37151/37152/37153 also features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws "zero" current (only microamperes of leakage). The enable input is TTL/CMOS compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected to up to VIN. When enabled, it draws approximately 15A. Adjustable Regulator Design
MIC37152
VIN
ENABLE SHUTDOWN
IN EN
OUT R1 ADJ GND R2
VOUT COUT
VOUT = 1.240V (1 + R1) R2
Figure 1. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors
The MIC37152 and MIC37153 allow programming the output voltage anywhere between 1.24V and the 5.5V maximum operating rating of the family. Two resistors are used. Resistors can be quite large, up to 1M, because of the very high input impedance and low bias current of the sense comparator: The resistor values are calculated by:
V R1 = R2 OUT - 1 1.240
Where VOUT is the desired output voltage. Figure 1 shows component definition. Applications with widely varying load currents may scale the resistors to draw the minimum load current required for proper operation (see above).
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Package Information
3-Pin S-PAK (R)
5-Pin S-PAK (R)
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8-Pin SOIC (M)
8-Pin SOIC (ME)
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MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA
TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2003 Micrel, Incorporated.
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